Welcome to ECE 3

Introduction to Electrical and Computer Engineering

$\color{#003660}{\text{Nina Miolane - Assistant Professor}}$

BioShape Lab @ UCSB ECE

Outline: Welcome

• Syllabus for ECE 3

• Real-World Applications Electrical and Computer Engineering

  • What is ECE?
  • ECE for Computational Medicine: Example of Diagnosis of Rheumatic Heart Diseases
  • ECE for Signal Processing: Example of Image Compression

• Outline of ECE 3

Outline: Welcome

• Syllabus for ECE 3

• Real-World Applications Electrical and Computer Engineering

  • What is ECE?
  • ECE for Computational Medicine: Example of Diagnosis of Rheumatic Heart Diseases
  • ECE for Signal Processing: Example of Image Compression

• Outline of ECE 3

Instructor: Nina Miolane (me)

$\color{#047C91}{\text{Research}}$: Exploring the geometries of life:

• how proteins, cells, organs adopt specific shapes to function,
• and how pathologies arise from abnormal shapes.

$\color{#047C91}{\text{Office Hours}}$: Mondays 5 - 6 PM, ECE TA Offices in Trailer 699, Room 103.

Teaching Assistants

From left to right: Monsij, Orestis, Alejandro, Bella

Office hours in ECE TA Offices in Trailer 699, Room 103:

• M 4:00 - 5:00 PM (Monsij)
• Tu 4:45 - 5:45 PM (Orestis)
• W 2:00 - 3:00 PM (Alejandro)
• Th 11:00 - 12:00 PM (Bella)

Classes and Labs

$\color{#EF5645}{\text{Classes}}$: in CHEM 1171, MW 12:30 PM - 1:45 PM (slides posted on Slack)

$\color{#EF5645}{\text{Labs}}$: in ESB 1003

• M 6:00 – 7:50 PM (Monsij)
• Tu 6:00 – 7:50 PM (Orestis)
• W 5:00 – 6:50 PM (Alejandro)
• Th 6:00 – 7:50 PM (Bella)

• You are required to attend all the lectures, labs and the exam.
• Do not enroll in other courses whose schedule is conflicting with ECE 3.
• If you cannot attend all lectures, labs and the exam, please drop this class.

Covid-19 Guidelines

• Feeling ill or may have been exposed: stay home and contact staff in 24h.
• Complete daily symptom survey.
• Weekly testing for non-vaccinated.
• Masks indoors.

Quick Survey

$\color{#EF5645}{\text{Quick Survey to get to know you:}}$

• Are you a:
  • 1st year, 2nd year, 3rd year undergraduate student? Master student?
• How comfortable are you with pre-calculus:
  • Very comfortable, normally comfortable, terrorised?
• What is your programming experience:
  • Comfortable in Python, Comfortable in another language, Beginner, No experience?

Grading

• $\color{#EF5645}{\text{Homeworks}}$: 55%
  • Posted on Thursdays by 11:59 PM PST, starting on the 2nd week.
  • Due next Thursday by 11: 59 PM PST. No late homework.
• $\color{#EF5645}{\text{Final exam}}$: 40%
  • Tuesday, Dec. 7th 12:00 PM - 3:00 PM in CHEM 1171.
  • No make-up exam.
• $\color{#EF5645}{\text{Constructive Participation}}$: 5%
  • Asking and answering questions, in class, labs and on Slack.
• $\color{#EF5645}{\text{Extra Credits}}$: up to +15% total
  • DataCamp (more on a later slide) + feedback on the class.

There is no midterm exam.

Good practices: Homework and Exam

• $\color{#EF5645}{\text{Notations}}$: Be consistent.
• $\color{#EF5645}{\text{Reasoning}}$: Explain each step: which rule did you use and why are you allowed to use it? What are the assumptions?
• $\color{#EF5645}{\text{Computations}}$: First do literal computations, then replace by numerical values.
• $\color{#EF5645}{\text{Result presentation}}$: If there is a unit associated to the final result, add it: Dollars? Books? Coins?
• $\color{#EF5645}{\text{Result checking}}$: Does my result make intuitive sense?
• $\color{#EF5645}{\text{Plotting}}$: Label the axes, add the values to the axes, legend, etc.

These are taken into account while grading your assignments.

Textbooks

The textbooks are considered supplementary to classes:

• Introduction to Linear Algebra (ILA), by Stephen Boyd and Lieven Vandenberghe.
• Introduction to matrix computations (IMC), by Margot Gerritsen

$\color{#EF5645}{\text{Remarks}}$:

• Both are freely available online.
• We will not cover all topics in the books.
• We will cover a few topics not in the books.

Python and Jupyter Notebooks

We will use:

• Python version 3.7 or higher as our programming language,
• Jupyter notebooks to run Python interactively in a web browser.

You should download Anaconda which will install everything you need to run Python 3.7+ and Jupyter notebooks:

• Anaconda: https://www.anaconda.com/download

The TAs will demo the setup process in the first lab session.

Datacamp: Hands-on Python Exercises

Course in “Assignments”: "Intermediate Python":

• Ex: Using "matplotlib" to create plots in Python

Deadline: Nov 2nd. Use this link to join with your @ucsb.edu address.

$\color{#EF5645}{\text{Advantages}}$:

• Up to 10% extra credits
• Complete them within the first 2 weeks: will help you with homework!
• Python is used everywhere in ECE: learn the basics asap and save time.

Read the Syllabus

• More details in the Syllabus.
• If, after (1) reading carefully the syllabus and the slides, and (2) having talked to your classmates, you still have doubts on how the course is structured and/or how the grading is performed, contact the course staff.

Outline: Welcome

• Syllabus for ECE 3

• Real-World Applications Electrical and Computer Engineering

  • What is ECE?
  • ECE for Computational Medicine: Example of Diagnosis of Rheumatic Heart Diseases
  • ECE for Signal Processing: Example of Image Compression

• Outline of ECE 3

What is ECE?

Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) focuses on design, development and production of:

• hardware, electronic devices: smartphone, laptop, GPS, LED lights
• software, i.e. computer programs

that can acquire, process, analyze and transmit information.

Why studying ECE?

Many good reasons to study ECE:

• ECE is at the core of modern society, and the unseen force behind today’s intelligent systems.
• ECE is present all over us:
  • Precision health,
  • Clean energy,
  • Cybersecurity,
  • Autonomous vehicles,
  • Communications,
  • Quantum revolution,
  • and more...

Electrical Engineers

• Develop wind, solar, and traditional energy systems to help provide everyone in the world with electricity
• Design controls and communications systems to help doctors perform surgery with smarter robots
• Enhance image processing and make better instruments to help diagnose and treat diseases
• Develop nanotechnologies to help scientists study microorganisms
• Design computer circuits to help speed up networks and processors that run your smartphone and other electronics
• Improve batteries that help run electric-powered cars

Computer Engineers

• Improve Internet security to help protect your information and make it safer to buy things online
• Design faster processors to help make HDTV and 3-D TV watching and video gaming experiences better
• Develop biomedical systems to help monitor patients in hospitals
• Implement sensor networks to help make robots more human-like
• Create the smart power grid to help manage energy distribution to households across the country
• Work with digital forensics to help police and the FBI track and catch cyber criminals

Job Market for ECE

• One of the fastest growing career fields in the US
• Pays well: starting salaries at 70k$\$$ - 160$\$$, salaries up to 300k$\$$ after 3 years.
• Can be applied to different fields!
• Good knowledge foundation to start a company.

Outline: Welcome

• Syllabus for ECE 3

• Real-World Applications Electrical and Computer Engineering

  • What is ECE?
  • ECE for Computational Medicine: Example of Diagnosis of Rheumatic Heart Diseases
  • ECE for Signal Processing: Example of Image Compression

• Outline of ECE 3

ECE for Computational Medicine

Example of Rheumatic Heart Disease

• Heart valves damaged by rheumatic fever (complication of strep throat)
• Rare in developed countries, 1% of children in developing countries
• $\color{#003660}{\text{Treatment}}$: Easy to treat with antibiotics
• $\color{#EF5645}{\text{Problem}}$: Hard to diagnose without proper medical infrastructure
• Source: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/

A solution from ECE

Teacher in Kenya acquiring echocardiographies of his students (Caption Health)

• Hardware: Portable echocardiography system
• Software: Automatic diagnosis algorithm

$\color{#003660}{\text{Make quality medical imaging universally accessible}}$

A closer look: Image in the Computer

(a) Grayscale image of character 'A' (b) Binary representation of character 'A'; (c) Binary matrix representation and (d) Reshaped sample of character 'A'.

An image can be represented as a matrix or a vector.

We will learn how to perform computations on vectors and matrices, and thus on images.

A closer look: Computing with Images

In this neural network (NN):

• Input = an image = vector/matrix
• Each layer = "transformed image" = vector/matrix
• In the NN, we perform operations on vectors and matrices

$\color{#003660}{\text{We will learn how to compute this and use it in ECE applications.}}$

Outline: Welcome

• Syllabus for ECE 3

• Real-World Applications Electrical and Computer Engineering

  • What is ECE?
  • ECE for Computational Medicine: Example of Diagnosis of Rheumatic Heart Diseases
  • ECE for Signal Processing: Example of Image Compression

• Outline of ECE 3

ECE for Signal Processing

Signal processing is an ECE subfield that focuses on:

• analyzing, modifying, and synthesizing signals --- such as:
  • sound, images, and scientific measurements.

Signal processing can be used to:

• improve transmission, storage efficiency and subjective quality
• and to emphasize or detect components of interest in a measured signal

Example of Image Compression

Silicon Valley TV Show

Silicon Valley (TV show) synopsis:

• an engineer creates an app called "Pied Piper" with a revolutionary data compression algorithm (reduce size in bytes of a file, such as an image.

$\color{#003660}{\text{Why is data compression so important?}}$

• Compressed files take less space in memory
  • decreases in expenses for storage
  • takes less time for transfer
  • consumes less network bandwith (amount of information that can be sent/received from a device over a particular time)

Compression helps with costs and productivity.

A Solution from ECE

Several Levels of compression for "Lena"

• Most used image in computer vision literature: used to develop .jpeg
• Originally comes from the cover of a playboy magazine (1972)
• New documentary "Losing Lena": end the use of her image.

Source: https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/it-s-time-to-retire-lena-from-computer-science

A Closer Look: Image in the Computer

(a) Grayscale image of character 'A' (b) Binary representation of character 'A'; (c) Binary matrix representation and (d) Reshaped sample of character 'A'.

We find the "best decomposition": $A \simeq \alpha_1 u_1.v_1^T + \alpha_2 u_2.v2^T$ where:

• $\alpha_1, \alpha_2$ are just numbers called "scalars"
• $u_1, v_1, u_2, v_2$ are "vectors", $T$ means "transpose" If image A is of size $n \times n $, then image A is now stored with $2+4*n$ elements.

$\color{#003660}{\text{We will learn how to compute this, and use it for applications.}}$

Outline: Welcome

• Syllabus for ECE 3

• Real-World Applications Electrical and Computer Engineering

  • What is ECE?
  • ECE for Computational Medicine: Example of Diagnosis of Rheumatic Heart Diseases
  • ECE for Signal Processing: Example of Image Compression

• Outline of ECE 3

Outline of ECE 3

• Unit 1: Vectors, Book ILA Ch. 1-5
• Unit 2: Matrices, Book ILA Ch. 6-11 + Book IMC Ch. 2
• Unit 3: Least Squares, Book ILA Ch. 12-14 + Book IMC Ch. 8
• Unit 4: Eigen-decomposition, Book IMC Ch. 10, 12, 19

$\color{#EF5645}{\text{Remarks}}$:

• The course is organized according to the concepts.
• We will see ECE applications of these concepts in each unit.

Questions?

• Syllabus for ECE 3

• Real-World Applications Electrical and Computer Engineering

  • What is ECE?
  • ECE for Computational Medicine: Example of Diagnosis of Rheumatic Heart Diseases
  • ECE for Signal Processing: Example of Image Compression

• Outline of ECE 3